Pollution Load Assessment using QUAL2Kw and IDW (Case Study: Cisangkan watershed, West Java Province)
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Cisangkan River, Emission Factor, Pollution Load, Qual2Kw, IDW
Abstract
Cisangkan River, a tributary in the Upper Citarum Watershed, West Java, stretches 8.91 km across 1,800 ha. Flowing through West Bandung Regency and three districts in Cimahi City, it discharges into the Saguling Reservoir. Over the past five years, the river’s water quality has been classified as heavily polluted. This study aims to estimate potential pollution loads from domestic, industrial, and agricultural sectors and evaluate the impact of pollution load reduction on water quality improvement. Pollution loads were estimated using emission factors, urban equivalent ratios, and pollutant transfer coefficients. Water quality simulation was conducted using the QUAL2Kw model, while spatial distribution analysis employed the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation for BOD, COD, and TSS parameters. Results show that the domestic sector contributes the highest BOD load at 441.1 kg/day (54%), while the industrial sector dominates COD pollution with 738.67 kg/day (53%). The highest TSS load also originates from the domestic sector, contributing 421.9 kg/day (52%). The QUAL2Kw model achieved satisfactory accuracy, with RMSPE values of 1.4% for BOD, 2.73% for COD, and 5.06% for TSS. Scenario V, simulating a 90% reduction in pollution loads, demonstrates significant improvement in pollution load capacity, allowing the river to meet national water quality standards. Spatial analysis using IDW indicates the highest BOD pollution load from the domestic sector in Leuwigajah Sub-district, from the agricultural sector in Citeureup Sub-district, and from the industrial sector in Padasuka Sub-district.
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