The Effect of Dams on the Distribution of Functional Feeding Groups in Benthic Macroinvertebrates (Case Study: Rivers Connected to Jatiluhur Reservoir, Curug Klari Dam, and Walahar Dam)
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Benthic Macroinvertebrates, citarum reiver, feeding groups, HCA, PCA
Abstract
Human development and activities are significantly affecting water quality, including the life of organisms such as macrofauna and benthic macroinvertebrates. To meet human needs, the construction of reservoirs and dams is being carried out, which inevitably alters natural conditions and the presence of other organismsth. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between water quality parameters and sediment characteristics in river channels affected by the presence of reservoirs and dams on the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates classified into Functional Feeding Groups (FFG). During the analysis, FFG was used to understand the dynamics of food in aquatic ecosystems and its changes based on the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates. The investigation was conducted from July to September 2023, in the Central and Lower parts of the Citarum River, located in West Java Province, Indonesia, specifically around Jatiluhur Reservoir in Purwakarta Regency for the Central part and Curug Klari Dam and Walahar Dam in Karawang Regency for the Lower part. Field data collection comprised the sampling of water, sediment, and benthic macroinvertebrates. Data analysis was based on the calculation of benthic macroinvertebrate community structure, pollution indices, BMWP-ASPT (Biological Monitoring Working Party - Average Score per Taxon) biotic index, Pearson correlation, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA). The results showed that FFG distribution was dominated by Gathering-Collectors (72%), Scrapers (22%), Predators (6%), and Filtering-Collectors (0.06%). The pollution index (PI) indicated that the water quality in the central part of the Citarum River was mild, while the lower part was moderately polluted. Based on the biotic index (BMWP-ASPT), the water quality was categorized as poor and heavily to very densely polluted part. The correlation between PI and BMWP-ASPT showed a very strong relationship according to Pearson correlation (r=-0.96). PCA analysis indicated a positive correlation between predators and gatherers in moderately polluted conditions at the Jatiluhur Reservoir location. At the Curug Klari and Walahar dams, characterized by lightly polluted conditions, there was a positive correlation between filtering and scrapers. HCA calculations showed that the conditions in the Central part (Jatiluhur Reservoir) varied from the Lower part (Curug Klari and Walahar dams) of the Citarum River.
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