Modeling the Dispersion of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) using Delft3D Model in Akelamo River Estuary, South Halmahera Regency, North Maluku
Abstract
Human activities around water bodies can affect the quality of river water which in turn can affect the quality of waters in estuaries and coastal areas. One of the water quality parameters is the physical parameter of total suspended solids (TSS). TSS can consist of organic, inorganic and sediment suspended in water bodies. The purpose of this research is to create a simulation model that can describe the dispersion direction of TSS from the river body to the estuary to enter the coastal waters using Delft3D hydrodynamic modelling software. Water samples were also taken and tested for TSS concentration and the used as model input and model validation and will be compared with the TSS quality standard value. Three simulation scenarios were created, namely TSS inputs of 1000 mg/L, 154 mg/L and 5 mg/L, which were run for 1 month (February 1st – February 28th, 2023). Scenario 2 of the model was validated with the TSS test results of day 1 samples and scenario 3 of the model was validated with the TSS test results of day 2 samples. Model validation showed correlation values R2 = 0.3144 and 0.2968 and RMSE values = 12.151 mg/L and 55.673 mg/L. Model simulation results in the three scenarios showed that TSS dispersion was not influenced by TSS concentration, but was influenced by tides and current velocity in coastal waters. The sampling results on February 20th, 2023 showed that the TSS distrbution pattern moved northward from the estuary at the highest tide with current speed of 0.15 – 0.3 m/sec. While at the lowest ebb, the TSS dispersion pattern moves southward from the estuary with a current speed of 0.3 – 0.5 m/sec. Comparison of TSS test results with quality standard showed that day 1 samples exceeded the Sea Water Quality Standard (BMAL) and Class IV River Water Quality Standard, while day 2 samples met the BMAL for tourism and Class I River Water Quality Standard.
Full text article
References
Correll, D. L., Jordan, T. E., & Weller, D. E. (1999). Precipitation effects on sediment and associated nutrient discharges from Rhode River watersheds. Journal of Environmental Quality, 28(6), 1897–1907. American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800060029x
Fauzzia, M., Rahmawati, I., & Widiasa, I. N. (2013). Penyisihan amoniak dan kekeruhan pada sistem resirkulasi budidaya kepiting dengan teknologi membran biofilter. Jurnal Teknologi Kimia dan Industri, 155–161. http://ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/jtki
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2008). State of the world’s forests 2007: Deforestation overview. http://www.fao.org/3/a-a0262e.pdf
Hatta, M. P., Thaha, M. A., & Lakatua, M. P. (2018). Simulation model pattern distribution sediment at Ambon Bay, Indonesia. MATEC Web of Conferences, 203, 01009. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820301009
Kumar, A., Mishra, D. R., Equeenuddin, S. M., Cho, H. J., & Rastogi, G. (2017). Differential impact of anniversary-severe cyclones on the water quality of a tropical coastal lagoon. Estuaries and Coasts, 40, 317–342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-016-0172-3
Mishra, P., Panda, U. S., Pradhan, U., Kumar, C. S., Naik, S., Begum, M., & Ishwarya, J. (2015). Coastal water quality monitoring and modelling off Chennai City. Procedia Engineering, 166, 955–962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.386
Pickard, G. L., Emery, W. J., & Talley, L. D. (2006). Descriptive physical oceanography (Edited version).
Purba, R. H., Mubarak, & Galib, M. (2018). Sebaran total suspended solid (TSS) di kawasan muara Sungai Kampar Kabupaten Pelalawan Provinsi Riau. Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan, 23(1), 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jpk.23.1.21-30
Sachoemar, S. I., & Purwanda, A. (2009). Analisis model sebaran bahan pencemar di perairan Selat Nguan, Batam. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan, 10(1), 90–103.
Sinaga, B. B., Suteja, Y., & Dharma, I. G. B. S. (2020). Fluktuasi total padatan tersuspensi (total suspended solid) dan kekeruhan di Selat Lombok. Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences, 6(2), 238–245.
Sukarno, M., & Yusuf, M. (2013). Kondisi hidrodinamika dan pengaruhnya terhadap sebaran parameter fisika-kimia perairan laut dari muara Sungai Porong, Sidoarjo. Buletin Oseanografi Marina, 2(2), 1–6.
Suntoyo, Ikhwani, H., Zikra, M., Sukmasari, N. A., Angraeni, G., Tanaka, H., Umeda, M., & Kure, S. (2014). Modelling of the COD, TSS, phosphate and nitrate distribution due to the Sidoardjo mud flow into Porong River Estuary. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 14, 144–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2015.07.095
United States Geological Survey (USGS). (2019). Watersheds and drainage basins. https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/watersheds-and-drainage-basins
Wibisana, H., Soekotjo, B. M., & Lasminto, U. (2018). Preliminary study of total suspended solid distribution in coastal Ujung Pangkah based on reflectance value of Landsat satellite imagery. Indonesian Journal of Geography, 50(1), 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijg.38967
Wibowo, M. (2018). Computational modeling of oil spill pollution distribution in Cilacap seawaters. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan, 19(2), 191–198.
Zhang, C., Zhang, W., Huang, Y., & Gao, X. (2017). Analysing the correlations of long-term seasonal water quality parameters, suspended solids and total dissolved solids in a shallow reservoir with meteorological factors. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24, 6746–6756. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8402-1
Authors
Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.